Tundras arrive

 

Each spring we await the arrival of swans on Kootenay Lake. Certainly, they are prominent in my phenology.

Swans have already been seen recently on the South and North Arms of the Lake. Yesterday, seven Tundra Swans were reported on the West Arm at Kokanee Creek Park. This morning, I went to see them. Alas, those swans had finished eating and had flown on their way.

Fortunately as I wandered around, ten more Tundras flew in. It was grand. Usually, I only get to see them feeding in the shallows, but this group offered me a flyby.

Circling to lose altitude, seven of the ten tundras are seen as they approach the Lake.

They fly right past me on their gently curved path.

The ten of them touch down out in the deeper water of the Lake.

These tundras are hungry. They have travelled a great distance and still have the flight to the high arctic ahead of them. So, having touched down, they promptly head to the shallows to feed. They are coming straight towards the portion of the shore where I am obscured by trees.

I might note that dogs are prohibited from this portion of the Park’s beach. Yet, just as the hungry swans approach the feeding area, a man with two off-leash dogs saunters along the shore. The swans abruptly turn and flee to the deep water, unsated. Well, obviously those swans should have known better than to arrive on a weekend, a time when scofflaws abound.
tundraswans130316es

 

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Lacunosus

 

I went birding, and all I saw was lacunosus—but what spectacular lacunosus it was.

Lacunosus occurs in thin clouds when bubbles of buoyant dry air from below the cloud rise and poke holes in the cloud. I have shown pictures of this before, but today’s sighting was, if anything, more spectacular.

When seen (which is not all that often), it usually appears in unsteady wave clouds. When formed from a thin layer of moisture in the atmosphere, a wave cloud does not sit at the lifting-condensation level. As a result, when the amplitude of the wave decreases, the sinking air warms by compression. But, the temperature in the cloud increases more slowly (warms at the moist-adiabatic lapse rate) than the temperature of the air below (warms at the dry-adiabatic lapse rate). The result is that bubbles of the warmer dry air from below rise and punch holes through the cooler cloud.

This is the physical understanding of what happenings, but the transient patterns that emerge are clearly worth the price of admission.

I show three pictures from this morning, and as this was happening in the vicinity of the Sun, the final image actually shows a touch of iridescence. Granted that this iridescence isn’t quite as spectacular as that seen a few weeks ago, but with such a sighting, who is complaining?

The lacunosus formed and vanished within perhaps five minutes. That is actually a much longer viewing interval than is afforded by most of the birds I see.

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Hoodie ripples

 

A Hooded Merganser plied zebrine waters.

The astute observer might guess that this posting was made solely so I could use the word zebrine. After all, I am guilty of taking as much pleasure from interesting words as from interesting images. Indeed, as I responded to one correspondent who commented upon my choice of language: “fun with pictures; fun with words.”

The picture holds more delights for me than just the patterns of reflection. Those zebra-like waves depend upon gravity as a restoring force, while the hoodie’s bow ripples depend upon surface tension. One can tell the difference between waves and ripples merely by watching the behaviour of each.

The dividing line between waves and ripples is a length of 1.7 cm. When the crest-to-crest distance, or wavelength, is greater than 1.7 cm, the primary restoring force of disturbed water is gravity (rather like a pendulum) and the undulations are called waves. When the crest-to-crest distance, or wavelength, is less than 1.7 cm, the primary restoring force of disturbed water is surface tension (rather like a trampoline) and the undulations are called ripples (also called capillary waves).

There is an interesting difference in the behaviour of waves and ripples. With a wave, the greater the wavelength the faster it moves. So, a wave with a one-meter wavelength travels faster than one with a ten-centimetre wavelength. However with a ripple it is the other way around: the shorter the wavelength the faster it moves. So a ripple with a one-millimetre wavelength travels faster than one with a one-centimeter wavelength.

There is a detail of the picture below. The duck disturbs the water ahead of it, but the disturbances that have travelled farthest ahead have a narrower spacing than those nearby. These are ripples where the shortest wavelengths have travelled out from the duck both fastest and farthest. Although gravity is the restoring force for those broader (zebrine) waves, surface tension is the restoring force for the tiny ones ahead of the hoodie.

Offering even more water fun, the Hooded Merganser then splashed.

And soon climbed onto some shore ice and presented a rather impudent stance.
hoodedmerganser130303cs

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Catchup

 

If I head outdoors, I watch nature; if I watch nature, it is usually with a camera. Individual pictures that do not merit postings of their own, pile up. Here are a recent few.

A squirrel presents its backside to the camera.

Although it is still February, love is in the air. Here are two herons that were travelling together.

Geese only settle atop pilings in preparation for nesting.

This is one of two eagles that was perched adjacent to a large propitious nest.

A deer pauses next to some railway tracks.

Here are some of the four dozen Horned Grebes seen travelling along the Lake.

A pygmy owl was hunting from a tree.

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Daytime deer

 

Last evening I had to brake abruptly to avoid hitting four White-tailed Deer on a road. That isn’t unexpected in the evening, for after all, these deer are crepuscular (see road hazard). So, it was a bit unexpected last week to see them midday on two occasions. I don’t know why they were out and about at this unusual time.

The first sighting was of a doe and its fawn crossing a field. Only the fawn posed nicely for me.

A couple of days later, a doe and two fawns were seen travelling along the beach. Here are two of the three.

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Eagles, three

 

It is odd that sometimes I see birds in clusters. Normally, I only see Bald Eagles now and then. Although they are here year round, a week or two may pass between sightings. Yet, today I saw three along the lakeshore: one adult and two subadults.

The first eagle was a subadult seen during a drive to town. The instant I pointed my camera, off it flew.

 

On the return trip, an adult was seen hunting from a tree. It ignored me.

 

When I was back at home, another subadult flew by.

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Lake length

 

It will come as no surprise that there is a tremendous amount of misinformation floating around on the World Wide Web. Many of us might think that most of it has its origins in belief systems and that the misinformation is simply a case that someone else’s beliefs are obviously the misguided ones. Surely, it would be rare to discover mistakes on matters of geographic fact. And yet, we live in a world of copyists. Few people check things; they merely copy from one source to the next. Once made, a mistake can live forever.

I was reminded of this recently when someone told me that Kootenay Lake (the Main Lake) was 90 miles long. Now, that corresponds to about 145 kilometres, some 40% larger than the value that one obtains from a map. Elsewhere on this website, I give a length of 104 kilometres on a straight line, and about 107 kilometers following the bends of the Lake’s centre line. My distance was simply scaled from a map, something particularly easy to do these days using Google Earth. They correspond to between 64 and 67 miles, values that nicely match some older books and pamphlets that present the Lake as nearly 70 miles long.

But, 90 miles? This and other unreasonably large numbers raise a couple of questions: Who thinks the Lake is so much longer than it is? Why do they think this?

Who believes in a longer Lake?
The answer to this question is easily obtained. On a search engine just type in: Kootenay Lake 90 miles, or pick some similar value. The following links will open search results in a new window or tab: Kootenay Lake 90 miles  Kootenay Lake 100 miles (but, as these will be live searches, the lists may change from one day to the next).

To my eye, the search results show a pattern among those who claim the Lake is longer than it is. They seem to be in the business of promoting local commerce: tourism, accommodations, fishing, real-estate development, marina, etc. For these websites, the Lake is a secondary feature merely used to market their product. (One wonders if the hyperbole is accidental or is a purposeful approach to marketing.)

Why do they think the Lake is so long?
The answer to this is speculative, but plausible. Of course, most of the websites found above don’t offer an independent opinion on the matter. Rather, they merely copied from somewhere else. This despite how easy it would have been to obtain a reasonable number from a map. Yet, how did these oversized numbers get generated in the first place?

A few years ago, when I encountered such inflated values, I guessed that they dated back to a time when the spring freshet flooded some of the Creston flats (at the south end of the Lake). Before the construction of the dykes in the 1930s, what is now farmland and a few small lakes, could seasonally become a part of the Main Lake. Two things now argue against my initial guess: early references I have seen give the nearly 70-mile value; 90 miles measured from the north end of the Lake would take one well into the U.S., something never mentioned. If a variable length that results from seasonal flooding isn’t enough to give the really big numbers, what does?

I believe the explanation is to be found with Duncan Lake. This body of water lies just north of Kootenay Lake. Look at any map of the region (the one below is a schoolhouse map from 1908). Now, imagine that you have never been here, but have the job of quickly producing a number for an almanac. A hurried glance at a map might conflate these separate lakes. Indeed, a straight line from the north end of Duncan Lake to the south end of Kootenay Lake gives a distance of almost exactly 90 miles, and if you take a path that follows the valley and maybe includes Duck Lake in the south, the figure becomes closer to 100 miles.

Incompetence
So, my guess is that these oversized numbers arose from a functionary who carelessly conflated multiple lakes. What is particularly fascinating is that the hyperbolic values thus produced have now attained lives of their own on websites promoting local commerce.

This is portion of a 1908 schoolhouse map in my hallway. The alignment of lakes makes it likely that the oversized numbers for Kootenay Lake resulted from someone conflating adjacent lakes. Alas, the silliness lives on.
kootenaylake1908

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Iridescence

 

Iridescent colours arise in a different manner than most of the colours we see. Flowers, paints, clothing, and cat fur show colours from selective absorption. Some wavelengths (colours) are absorbed while others are reflected. The colours formed by iridescence arise from wave interference. Some wavelengths undergo mutual cancelation while others become reinforced.

When iridescence is seen, it usually appears on a fairly small scale: beetle wings, butterfly wings, hummingbird gorgets, duck feathers. But, when it comes to iridescence in the sky, it can be grand indeed. The nicest iridescence is usually seen in wave clouds near the Sun. I saw some today.

Iridescence in a wave cloud was seen today from the parking lot of the Nelson & District Community Complex.

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A few raptors

 

The best things seen on yesterday’s sunny Sunday were raptors. Most were at a considerable distance and so have a middling image quality; the last bird was near at hand and so is sharpest. Pictures are presented in the order taken.

The first thing seen was a Merlin hunting well off the side of the road.

The setting of a frost-covered tree made it worth photographing this Bald Eagle.

This is a composite showing three views of the same soaring bird. When seen from a great distance, the white on the underside of the wing and the golden colour around the neck prompted me to think this was a Golden Eagle. Alas no, the pictures almost certainly show an intermediate phase Red-tailed Hawk.

Finally, the most satisfying image of the day was another intermediate phase Red-tailed Hawk. Some of the richness of the tones can be credited to the hawk, some to the late afternoon winter sun.

 

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Bohemians in the park

 

The irony is that today, on the way to Kokanee Creek Park for a walk, I commented that I would really like to see some waxwings. Lo, there they were.

Before spotting the waxwings, I stopped near the mouth of the creek and took a panorama looking west. It is striking how little snow there is for early February. The north-facing mountain on the left is in shade while the south-facing mountain on the right is in sunlight. The bank on the far side of the creek is being eroded; bits of February’s dried grass overhanging it are reflected in the calm creek waters.

A hundred metres to the east, there frolicked over a dozen Bohemian Waxwings. Between their frenetic activities and the difficulties of bird photography, I only managed a satisfactory picture of one as it sat on a Black Hawthorn.

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