October odonata

One might have thought that with dropping temperatures and turning leaves, dragonflies and damselflies (insects of the order Odonata) would have vanished. Yet, while October is their last stand of the year, some remain. Admittedly, they seem to spend a great deal of time seeking sunny spots.

Below are a handful of Odonata seen in the last week and a half.

The Pale Snaketail is seen around the shore of Kootenay Lake frequently during the summer and early fall where it is often seen hunting from a resting place on a low surface. The female lacks an ovipositor and is seen here apparently resting between dropping her eggs (yellow mass at the tip of the abdomen).

Most of the dragonflies I see at this time of year are meadowhawks. These are much smaller than the snaketail and the males are generally coloured in red and black. One exception is the Black Meadowhawk, which shows no red. The male is shown first.

This is a female Black Meadowhawk. She starts the season in much lighter shades, but by now is quite dark.

During the summer, the only damselfly I see around the Lake is the Tule Bluet. But, here are two Spotted Spreadwings, the female first, the male second. Typically, this is the last spreadwing to fly in the fall.

I suspect that these are the last Odonata I will see until late spring of next year.

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Procter to Nelson

When I was a child, the CPR ran a passenger service between Procter and Nelson (and beyond). From early in the century until 1953, the train was pulled by steam engines—thereafter diesel. Although I watched both frequently, I only rode this portion of the line once. On that occasion, in the summer of 1957, I was the only passenger on the train—no wonder the service was doomed. The following year, the CPR switched to Budd cars (diesel engine and passengers in a single car) and in 1964 dropped passenger service entirely.

Since 2009, the Kootenay Rail Service Society has been working to reestablish passenger rail service between Procter and Nelson. Greg Nesteroff has written stories about this for the Nelson Star. One was illustrated with a picture of the old Procter Station; a second with a picture of an impressive mainline steam engine that seems to have passed along our local line exactly once, and that in 1937.

Of course, if service were reestablished, a steam engine would not be used; to do so would be far too inefficient and polluting. Yet, since the latest story in the Nelson Star had used a picture of a steam engine that was distinctly uncharacteristic of the line, I thought it would be fun to show the typical engine.

Below is not only the engine of my memory, but it was a longtime standard on the line both for passenger and freight use. I was standing beside my cousin, Denis Daly, in 1949 when he took this picture at Troup (located between Procter and Nelson).

 

 

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Elephant lines

I have long been struck by the patterns of vegetation on Elephant Mountain (officially known as Mt. Nelson) across the water from the city of Nelson. Why is there this odd pattern of coniferous and deciduous trees? It is particularly visible in the fall when the deciduous trees turn colour, but also apparent in the winter when they have dropped their leaves.

Is this pattern random? Does it reveal some underlying structure?

One way to assess the issue is to look at the mountain from various perspectives and see if a regular pattern emerges. The instrument of choice is Google Earth. The second picture shows such an autumnal view captured in April of 2008. (The present Google view uses an image from a different time of the year and the pattern is not as evident.)

The Google image shows that there is a simple pattern to the deciduous trees on Elephant Mountain and in Grohman valley to the left: the orange lines are nearly parallel to one another and cut across other features of the terrain such as creeks. This implies that the pattern reflects an underlying geological structure. What it is, is as yet unclear.

The lines of deciduous trees on Elephant Mountain, as seen from the bridge, look somewhat chaotic.

When seen from the east in Google Earth (2008), many of the lines of deciduous trees seem to be parallel and unrelated to the pattern of drainage. This suggests an origin that lies in the geological structure.

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Why take pictures?

I confine myself to local nature photography.

As I look around the websites of nature photographers, I detect a pattern: purchase my picture. Now, I am not suggesting that this is the only, or even primary, reason the pictures were taken. But, this seems to be a major reason that nature pictures are posted on personal sites: look at my work and buy. Well fine, and why not?

Yet, that is not the reason—the monetization of my delights—that I take pictures. I take pictures so as to better understand my surroundings. Consider the following (which will make no sense at all to those who view everything as a commodity to be sold).

Last Sunday, I went for a walk in a marsh. During that time I observed (what I then believed were) sparrows. Certainly, they looked like sparrows. The only challenge I faced was to decide just which of the various types of sparrows they were out of the dozen or so possibilities.

Yet, I took pictures and it was those pictures that chastened my assessment—not the original observation—it was the uncompromising pictures. After about five hours of on-again, off-again checking, I learned that these were not sparrows at all, but a lookalike: a female Red-winged Blackbird.

The pictures were grounded in a reality that my more casual observations failed to achieve.

Some female Red-winged Blackbirds visit the marshlands of Kokanee Creek Park.

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Two waders

Yesterday, I watched two very different wading birds: a heron and a snipe.

The heron flew overhead and I managed a picture.

The snipe flushed only a metre from my feet and vanished before I could even point the camera. Fortunately, Derek Kite took some pictures of the same snipe a couple of days earlier and has allowed me to show his.

A Great Blue Heron flies overhead

Two of Derek Kite’s pictures of a Wilson’s Snipe

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A big swallow

It is not just grizzlies, eagles, and ravens that enjoy a Kokanee for lunch in the fall. This California Gull swooped down and plucked a fish from the mouth of a creek flowing into Kootenay Lake. Two seconds later, and while still on the wing, the gull had swallowed the whole fish.

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Little planet

Recondite names are used for various types of photographic projection: rectilinear (the conventional type), fisheye, equirectangular, stereographic, mollweide—the list is long. Most come from the world of cartography and represent some of the many solutions for mapping a spherical surface (such as the Earth) onto a flat surface.

One of these projections—a nearly full-sphere stereographic view centred on the nadir—has become quite popular among those who take extreme panoramas. Indeed, it has gained a catchy name: the little planet.

Last August, when I took a 360° panorama from the centre of the Main Lake, I wanted to transform it into a little-planet view, but a software upgrade had disabled the routine I normally used for this transformation. That functionality having been restored, here it is.

August’s panorama is presented in the style known as the little planet. The location is Kootenay Lake just off the Pilot Bay Peninsula. The image is oriented as the globe of the Earth: north at top, west to left. The view shows the greenery of the peninsula on the right, South Arm at the bottom, West Arm on the left, and North Arm at the top.

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A show and tell

I take pictures to better understand things seen. I post discussions to website and blog as a personal memory aid. That my notes are available publicly is incidental.

Yet, the public is not incidental when one gives an illustrated talk; the audience is now the raison d’être.

I rarely have call to speak before a group, so it was unexpected to receive two invitations to give a presentation during the last week of this month (Oct. 24th, 28th). The talks are entitled: Nature through my lens.

This is a foretaste: below are seven of the many scenes I will discuss.

*  *  *

I have long enjoyed meteorological optics: rainbows, haloes, twilights, and the corona, illustrated here. The corona’s colours are explained by the diffraction of sunlight by cloud droplets. The best coronae are seen when the droplets are nearly uniform in size, such as those found in wave clouds. That a corona is not usually noticed is a consequence of its great brightness—it forms close to the Sun. Yet when seen through sunglasses, the rewards are obvious. (Even here, the central region of the picture is over exposed).

For perhaps half the year, we live within a world rich in insects. Certainly a tiny fraction of them are worth swatting, but most are innocuous, inconspicuous, and interesting. This lovely looking lassie is a cuckoo bee—she tricks others into raising her young.

Going hand in hand with the pollinating insects of spring and summer are the wildflowers. They carpet lakeside, forest floor, and alpine meadow. Among this diversity of plants, we have quite a few species of wild orchids. Here is one that was difficult to locate: it took me four years to discover where it grows. It is the Giant Helleborine.

For the half of the year without bugs and flowers, we have ice: snow, frozen ponds, frost, even hail. Unexpectedly, some of this ice also looks floral. Indeed, these rather uncommon frost formations are known as an ice flowers.

We have a rich array of mammals that wander our forests, lakes, and even our yards: bears, deer, skunks and more. Here is one that I don’t see often enough: the River Otter. Otters are in the Lake, but they only haul themselves out of the water to play, preen and defecate. This one spent about five minutes frolicking on a dock and then was gone.

Birds abound and present a truly amazing range of species. They may live here year round, only breed here in the summer, or merely migrate through the region in the spring and fall. Who can play favourites with such a bounty? Yet, among the handful of species I will always try to photograph when seen, is the Great Blue Heron. This picture has been described as: dances on water.

Clouds, like birds, present themselves in rich varieties: Some are common; Some are rare; Some change with the season. As with the heron, mammatus is a cloud I will take every opportunity to photograph. These gigantic pendulous pockets of precipitation form on the underside of thunderstorm anvils. They normally pass unnoticed in the darkness under the thick cloud. Yet now and then, when illuminated by the low Sun, they become downright spectacular.

(But, why turn this information into a blog posting? It struck me that when organizers send out an e-mail reminder to potential attendees, they could merely link to this page.)

 

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Beach walk

On a beautiful sunny day, a walk along the beach at Kokanee Creek Park revealed old friends and a new delight. Three are illustrated below in the order seen.

The view over the waters of Kootenay Lake often shows rather nice mirages. Most of them are inferior mirages, such as in this picture, but sometimes I see a superior mirage. The term, inferior, is not an editorial comment, but a literal statement of fact. Consider the Harrop ferry seen at a distance of about four kilometres. Both the erect and inverted images are actually displaced downward from where they would have appeared if the temperature over the Lake’s surface had no variation with height. Although the ferry looks as if it has been lifted above the water surface (foreground), actually, both the ferry and the water have been shifted downwards with the water being displaced more.

Just as mirages are a staple of the Lake, so are mallards—they are with us throughout the year. They are very easy to photograph. So, who needs yet another picture of this familiar friend? Well, I couldn’t resist recording this scene of four of them upended as they dabbled in the shallows along the shore.

It is mid-October and who would expect to see dragonflies? Actually, quite a few species remain around until this time. While I did see a Cherry-faced Meadowhawk, the great delight was to see a species new to me: the Western Meadowhawk. One of the things that makes this dragonfly easily recognizable is the broad yellowish tint on its wings. Here the colour is visible both on the wings and and in their shadows on the sand.

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Iridescent duck

A Wood Duck has iridescent feathers on its head.

Most colours in nature result from selective absorption: a pigment absorbs a range of wavelengths and leaves others to be reflected. The green of leaves and the red of someone’s sweater come about from absorption. The colours produced by iridescence result from a very different process: wave interference.

Or, at least, that is what the guide books and the many websites tell me. Yet, these sources then proceed to show a picture of a wood duck such as that in the first picture below: a black and white feathered head without any apparent colours.

Huh? They tell me, but they don’t show me.

Today, I visited the Wood Duck seen at Kokanee Creek Park a week ago. It was quickly apparent that the beautiful facial colours seen at that time depended critically upon the lighting—a distinctive characteristic of iridescence. Usually the feathers appeared black, but sometimes—well, look for yourself.

A Wood Duck as it might appear in most publications—black feathers on the head.

The iridescent feathers on the head as seen when the light is right.

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